新建数据库 create database; 删除数据库 drop database databaseName; commit; 使用数据库 use databeseName;
表状态
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显示数据库有多少表 show tabels; 显示表结构 describe tableName;
新建表
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创建新表 create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..) 根据已有的表创建新表: A:create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表) B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only
删除新表
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drop table tabname
增加一个列
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Alter table tabname add column col type 注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。
添加主键
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Alter table tabname add primary key(col) 说明:删除主键: Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)
创建索引
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create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….) 删除索引:drop index idxname 注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。
创建视图
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create view viewname as select statement 删除视图:drop view viewname
几个简单的常用sql语句
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选择:select * from table1 where 范围 插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2) 删除:delete from table1 where 范围 更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围 查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙,查资料! 排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc] 总数:select count as totalcount from table1 求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1 平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1 最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1 最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1
高级查询运算词
UNION 运算符
UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2)并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时(即 UNION ALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。
(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b) 法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1(仅用于SQlServer) 法二:select top 0 * into b from a
拷贝表
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(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b) insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径)
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insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件 例子:..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &"' where..
子查询
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(表名1:a 表名2:b) select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)
显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
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select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
外连接查询
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(表名1:a 表名2:b) select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
在线视图查询
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(表名1:a ) select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;
between的用法
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between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括 select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2 select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2
in 的使用方法
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select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)
not exists
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两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息 delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )
四表联查问题
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select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
日程安排提前五分钟提醒
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SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5
一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页
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select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段 具体实现: 关于数据库分页: declare @start int,@end int @sql nvarchar(600) set @sql=’select top’+str(@end-@start+1)+’+from T where rid not in(select top’+str(@str-1)+’Rid from T where Rid>-1)’ exec sp_executesql @sql
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)
随机取出10条数据
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()
随机选择记录
select newid()
删除重复记录
1),delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,…) 2),select distinct * into temp from tablename delete from tablename insert into tablename select * from temp 评价: 这种操作牵连大量的数据的移动,这种做法不适合大容量但数据操作 3),例如:在一个外部表中导入数据,由于某些原因第一次只导入了一部分,但很难判断具体位置,这样只有在下一次全部导入,这样也就产生好多重复的字段,怎样删除重复字段 alter table tablename –添加一个自增列 add column_b int identity(1,1) delete from tablename where column_b not in( select max(column_b) from tablename group by column1,column2,…) alter table tablename drop column column_b
列出数据库里所有的表名
select name from sysobjects where type=’U’ // U代表用户
列出表里的所有的列名
select name from syscolumns where id=object_id(‘TableName’)